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UNESCO World Heritage Sites In India

UNESCO Natural World Heritage Sites in India holding natural and cultural significance. Before going to the sites, lets ‘know about UNESCO.

What is a World Heritage site and why is it important?

World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance. The sites are judged to contain “cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity”.

A World Heritage Site is a culturally significant location designated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. World Legacy Day provides us with an opportunity to safeguard and preserve our old heritage culture. They have a tremendous global worth.

Taj Mahal (1983)

The Taj Mahal is a magnificent monument complex built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in 1632 to house the bones of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal.

The famous complex in Agra, India, was built over a 20-year period on the southern bank of the Yamuna River and is one of the most spectacular examples of Mughal architecture, which incorporated Indian, Persian, and Islamic influences.

The Taj Mahal, which is made of gleaming white marble that appears to change colour depending on the light, is at its heart.

White Makrana marble from Jodhpur was among the materials brought in from all around India and Central Asia. Baghdad, Punjab, Egypt, Russia, Golconda, China, Afghanistan, Ceylon, the Indian Ocean, and Persia provided precious stones for the inlay.

The Mughal architectural style is unusual in that it incorporates components and styles from Persian, Central Asian, and Islamic architecture.

It has been a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1983, and it is still one of the world’s most famous landmarks and a breathtaking symbol of India’s rich history.

Ajanta Caves (1983)

Ajanta’s first Buddhist cave monuments date from the second and first centuries B.C. Many more lavishly adorned caves were added to the original group during the Gupta period (5th and 6th centuries A.D.).

It’s paintings and sculptures, which are considered Buddhist holy art masterpieces, have had a significant aesthetic influence.

The Buddhist Caves of Ajanta are a group of 30 rock-cut Buddhist cave structures in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, India, that date from the 2nd century BCE to around 480 CE.

Paintings and rock-cut sculptures recognised as among the finest surviving examples of ancient Indian art, particularly expressive paintings that communicate emotions through gesture, position, and form, may be found in the caves.

The Ajanta caves are completely dark. In fact, the lack of light is essential to the Ajanta experience, as it demands the viewer’s attention while heightening a sense of mystery.

Oil lamps may have provided dimmer artificial lighting in the past. Even now, however, the majority of the caves are almost completely dark, and without artificial illumination, the caves would remain gloomy.

The Ajanta Caves have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983, and they are a protected monument under the administration of the Archaeological Survey of India.

Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda (2016)

Nalanda stands out as the Indian Subcontinent’s oldest university. Over the course of 800 years, it engaged in the systematic transmission of knowledge.

The site’s historical growth reflects the evolution of Buddhism as a religion as well as the flowering of monastic and educational traditions.

It contains the ruins of a monastic and scholastic institution that dates from the third century BCE to the thirteenth century CE.

The Nalanda Mahavihara Archaeological Site is located in Bihar, India’s north-eastern state. The Archaeological site of Nalanda Mahavihara is spread out across 23 hectares and has remnants going back to approximately.

The property’s history reflects the evolution of Buddhism as a religion as well as the growth of monastic and educational traditions.

Ellora Cave (1983)

Ellora is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Maharashtra, India, located in the Aurangabad district.

It is one of the world’s largest rock-cut Hindu temple cave complexes, with a focus on Hinduism and a few Buddhist and Jain monuments, as well as artwork dating from the 600–1000 CE period.

The Kailash temple, a chariot-shaped monument dedicated to Lord Shiva, is located in Cave 16 and is the world’s biggest single monolithic rock excavation.

Sculptures showing Hindu gods and goddesses, as well as relief panels summarizing the two great Hindu epics, may be unearthed in the Kailash temple excavation.

Agra Fort (1983)

Under the reign of Akbar, one of the greatest Mughal Emperors, the Agra Fort was constructed in 1573. The fort required over 4000 labourers and eight years of hard work to finish.

Knowing the importance of its position, Akbar erected the fort to serve as the Mughals’ principal residence. The fort served as the primary palace of the Mughal dynasty’s emperors until 1638.

Agra Fort, often known as the walled city, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Today, the fort is a popular tourist destination that draws visitors from all over the world.

Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (1984)

Mahabalipuram, also known as Mamallapuram, is an ancient city in Tamil Nadu, India, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

It became an important centre of art, architecture, and literature during the reign of the Pallava dynasty, which lasted from the 3rd to the 7th centuries CE.

Before this period, Mahabalipuram had already established itself as a bustling seaport on the Bay of Bengal.

During the Pallava dynasty, the monuments were constructed. In numerous colonial-era books, they are referred to as the Seven Pagodas, but they are also known as the Mamallapuram temples or Mahabalipuram temples in current literature.

The Archaeological Survey of India has been in charge of the site since 1960, when it was repaired.

on the other hand a large number of coins and other items unearthed in this region also suggest a pre-existing commercial relationship with the Romans, even before the Pallava Empire was formed.

Konark Sun Temple (1984)

Konark is formed out of two Sanskrit words: kona, which means corner, and arka, which means sun. The town’s name comes from the fact that it is situated in such a way that the sun rises at an angle.

King Narasimha Deva I built the Konark Temple in 1244 to honour Surya, the Sun God. Konark was chosen as the site of construction because it was described in ancient literature as Surya’s holy seat.

The Konark Sun Temple and sun worship have a long history dating back to the 19th century BC. The Konark Sun Temple, the monarchs of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty dominated the historic territory of Kalinga.

Kaziranga National Park (1985)

Assam’s Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctuary is one of India’s last unspoiled wilderness places and is famous for its one-horned rhinoceroses. It is reported that Lord Curzon started the project to create this World Heritage Site in India after his wife begged him to take action to conserve this endangered species after failing to sight a single rhinoceros in the area. This park is located on the Brahmaputra River’s flood plains and is primarily made up of lush grasslands, woods, and lakes and streams. About 15 endangered Indian animal species can be found in Kaziranga, with the rhinoceros being the most vulnerable.

Capped langurs, hoolock gibbons, tigers, leopards, sloth bears, otter, wild boar, water buffalo, gaur, sambar, swamp deer, hog deer, and Indian muntjac are some other mammals.

Keoladeo National Park (1985)

Keoladeo National Park is situated in the Indian state of Rajasthan and is also referred to as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary. It is recognised for being the wintering and nesting grounds for various non-native, migratory birds and is home to roughly 366 different species of bird. It started off as a duck shooting range but was later transformed into a 29 square kilometre wetland that is entirely artificial and administered by humans. In this area, hunting is now illegal and is a crime. Along with birds, there are 379 flower species, 50 fish species, 13 snake species, 7 lizard species, 7 amphibian species, 7 turtle species, and several other invertebrate species. This area serves as a reminder of India’s extensive ecological heritage. Siberian cranes, artificial wetlands, and ornithologists’ hotspot.

Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985)

One of India’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites is the protected wildlife sanctuary known as Manas Wildlife Sanctuary. It is situated in the Assam region of northeastern India. The name is derived from the name of the goddess Manasa and comes from the River Manas. The numerous endangered species of animals that live here are comfortable because to the area’s beautiful green hills covered in forest and its dense flora. The Assam Roofed Turtle, Hispid Hare, Golden Langur, and Pygmy Hog are just a few of the endangered animals that call The Wild Life Sanctuary their home. It is also a Project Tiger Reserve, Elephant Reserve, and Biosphere Reserve. In fact, more endangered species are housed in this park than any other in India.

Elephant Reserve, Biosphere Reserve, Assam Roofed Turtle, Hispid Hare, Golden Langur, and Pygmy Hog are all protected areas under the Project Tiger programme.

Churches and Convents of Goa (1986)

The Portuguese arrived in India between the 15th and 16th century, settling at Goa on the Konkan coast in the southwest of the country. And the Portuguese’s arrival signifies the spread of Christianity across the Indian subcontinent. As a result, numerous churches and convents were constructed in Goa. These churches have been listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India because of their distinctive yet lovely architectural designs.

First Latin Rite Mass in Asia, as well as the Manueline, Mannerist, and Baroque art forms. Churches in Goa provide as illustrations of how Manueline, Mannerist, and Baroque art styles expanded throughout Asia as a result of Catholic Missions’ establishment in those nations. In the area that is now known as Old Goa, they were constructed by Portuguese colonial lords. The Basilica of Bom Jesus, which houses St. Francis Xavier’s relics, is the most well-known of these structures. This location serves as an illustration of India’s rich religious and cultural legacy.

Group of Monuments at Hampi (1986)

A UNESCO World Heritage site called Hampi is situated in Karnataka’s northern region. It is located among the remains of the long-gone, thriving kingdom of Vijayanagar. The Hampi ruins are a collection of historic locations that showcase the superb Dravidian style of art and architecture. The Virupaksha Temple, which is still an important Hindu holy site, is the site’s most noteworthy heritage landmark. This cultural site has a number of additional monuments; collectively, they are referred to as the “Group of Monuments at Hampi.”

Fatehpur Sikri (1986)

There are four prominent monuments in Fatehpur Sikri, which takes its name from Akhbar’s victory (Fateh) over Chittor and Ranthambore. The Buland Darwaza, the most important door in Asia and part of the Jama Masjid, is composed of a special Australian wood that sinks in water. Panch Mahal, also known as Jada Baai ka Mahal, is regarded as the birthplace of the Navaratnas (Birbal, Tansen, etc.). The Diwan-e-Khas and Diwan-e-aam were also inside. Salim Chishti’s Tomb is located inside the Buland Darwaza. These Mughal structures are all significant Indian historical monuments.

Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986)

India’s renowned Khajuraho is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is situated in the state of Madhya Pradesh. A special heritage site 175 kilometres south-east of Jhansi known for a collection of Hindu and Jain temples is called Khajuraho. They are also recognised for their sensual figures and sculptures and symbolism in the Nagara style. These sultry stone sculptures of people and animals in amorous situations are beautifully rendered and a testament to India’s rich cultural past. The Chandella dynasty ruled between 950 and 1050 CE, during which time the majority of these monuments were constructed. It has a surface area of 20 square kilometres and has a total of 85 Temples. Of all of these temples in the area, the Kandariya temple is the most notable.

Elephanta Caves (1987)

The Arabian City’s Elephanta caves are situated on an island not too far from Mumbai. Gharapuri is another name for the Elephanta Island group of sculpted caverns. Archaeological relics abound, providing us with a window into the vibrant cultural past of Indian civilization. Shiva is portrayed as both the Creator and the Destroyer of the Universe in the rock-cut sculptures and engravings found in these caves. The most significant of these caves is Cave 1, which has a Sadashiva that represents Shiva’s three aspects—as the Creator, Preserver, and Destroyer—at the cave’s entrance. The caverns are located 10 kilometres east of the city of and are cut out of solid basalt rock.

Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (1987)

Karnataka’s Pattadakal is a major tourist destination and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is renowned for the Chalukya style of architecture, which emerged in Aihole and was combined with Nagara and Dravidian architectural elements. All of the Chalukya monarchs were crowned at Pattadakal, which also served as their capital. There are eight temples devoted to Lord Shiva as well as Jain and Shaivite sanctuaries in this area, which is notable for the numerous temples the Chalukya kings built. Virupaksha Temple, Sangameshwara Temple, Chandrashekhara Temple, Mallikarju Temple, Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Jagannath Temple, Jain Temple, and many more are among the well-known structures.

Great Living Chola Temples (1987, 2004)

Airavatesvara Temple in Darasuram, Brihadisvara Temple in Thanjavur, and Brihadisvara Temple in Gangaikondacholisvaram.

Chola architecture, sculpture, painting, and bronze casting are well known.

These temples were constructed in Southern India during the Chola Empire’s control. The most significant of all of these temples are the Brihadisvara Temple, the Temple at Gangaikonda Cholapuram, and the Airavatesvara Temple. Rajaraja 1 oversaw the construction of the Brihadisvara temple, which is a significant piece of Chola architecture. Rajendra 1 supported the temple in Gangaikondacholapuram, which was devoted to Lord Shiva. And unlike the other two, the Airavatesvara temple was constructed under the reign of Rajaraja II. These temples serve as evidence of the Chola period’s artistic and architectural splendour and grandeur.

These temples still hold the rites and celebrations that people thousands of years ago observed, making them living temples. As a result, these three temples serve as a constant reminder of Tamil people’s rich legacy and ancient culture.

Sundarbans National Park (1987)

The largest concentration of tigers in India may be found here. This is one of the most significant Indian heritage sites for all of these reasons.

The Sunderban National Park is a well-known Tiger reserve and a Biosphere Reserve located in the Indian state of West Bengal and is well-known for the Royal Bengal Tigers. It is located on the Sunderban Deltas, which the Ganges River in the Bay of Bengal created. One of India’s largest reserves, it is primarily covered in deep mangrove forests. It is the biggest mangrove forest reserve in the world. Along with other animal species including the Gangetic dolphin, spotted deer, wild boar, and other mammal and amphibian species, Bengal is home to the critically endangered Royal Bengal Tiger. Another draw of this reserve is the rare saltwater crocodile.

Famous for its shared biosphere reserve with Bangladesh, largest estuarine mangrove forest, Bengal tiger, and saltwater crocodile.

Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (1988, 2005)

Renowned for the Himalayan Monal, Asiatic Black Bear, Snow Leopard, Brown Bear, Blue Sheep, and World Network of Biosphere Reserves

Because the Kanchenjunga is known to share a border with Nepal, the Nanda Devi is both the highest mountain peak in Uttarakhand and in all of India. The mountain has two peaks, with the eastern peak known as Sunanda Devi. It has its importance back from the era of Puranas and Upanishads, remarked multiple times in the mythical works of the Hindus. Up to 6400 metres above sea level, it can be found.

The National Park known as The Valley of Flowers, which is close to the Nanda Devi summit, can be up to 8 kilometres long and 2 kilometres wide. The incredible diversity of flowers that cover the entire valley like a bedsheet are what make it so well-known. More than 520 species of fauna and more than 600 types of flowers can be found at this Indian World Heritage Site.

Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989)

The oldest stone buildings in India are the Buddhist monuments in Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, which represent Indian heritage. The Sanchi Stupa, which was built in the third century BCE on orders from Emperor Ashoka, is situated 46 kilometres to the northeast of Bhopal. Its central construction was a hemispherical brick building placed above Buddha relics, and the Chatra, a symbol of rank, was placed atop it. During the Satavahana Period, when the gateways and the balustrade were constructed and painted, the stupa was rebuilt after being vandalised in the second century BCE. There are a number of additional buildings here in addition to the Sanchi stupa, including monolithic pillars, temples, palaces, and monasteries.

It was a significant Buddhist pilgrimage place up until around the 12th century AD, when the faith started to lose favour.

Mauryan architecture, monolithic pillars, palaces, temples, and monasteries, as well as the inscriptions Ye Dharma Hetu.

Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (1993)

The Qutub Minar, one of India’s most well-known World Heritage Sites, was constructed in 1193 by Qutub-ud-din Aibak, the Mamluk Dynasty’s first Muslim ruler of Delhi, following the destruction of Delhi’s final Hindu Kingdom. One of the many structures inside the Qutub complex is the Qutub Minar, which takes centre stage mainly because of its height. It is 73 metres tall and has a base diameter of 15 metres and a top diameter of 2.5 metres. To honour the well-known Sufi saint Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, Aibak erected it.

The Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque, which was constructed on the remains of the Lal Kot of the former Hindu empire and is regarded as one of the country’s first mosques, is located close to Qutub Minar. It is renowned for the brick minarets that encircle it as well. The Qutub Minar Complex, which consists of several monuments, is one of India’s earliest examples of Islamic architecture.
Qubbat-ul-Islam Mosque, Alai Darwaza, Alai Minar, Tomb of Iltumish, and Iron Pillar.

Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi (1993)

Begum Bega, Humayun’s first wife, constructed this World Heritage Site in India between 1565 and 1572. The only monument that has undergone multiple restoration efforts and is finished is this one. It is a collection of tombs that includes the tombs of Isa Khan Niyazi, an Afghan noble who served in Sher Shah Suri’s court during the Suri dynasty.

Mountain Railways of India (1999, 2005, 2008)

The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and the Kalka-Shimla Railway are three of India’s mountain railways and are included on the country’s list of World Heritage Sites. One of the most breathtaking natural temptations on Earth is found in North Bengal. Your pleasure will be catered to by the entertaining Toy Train, lovely Tea Plantations, extensive tunnels, and the Tiger Hills. These engineering wonders, which were constructed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, are a priceless piece of India’s past and offered a daring and creative solution to the connectivity issue in the challenging highlands. Additionally, they traverse the most stunning countryside, and you would want to go for a fun and romantic ride here.

Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (2002)

Nearly 96 kilometres separate Patna, Bihar, and Bodh Gaya, one of the Indian cultural sites recognised by UNESCO. For Buddhists, it is a significant location of worship because it was here that Mahatma Buddha received enlightenment. Siddhartha attained Enlightenment under the revered Bodhi Tree, where he later transformed into Gautam Buddha. Around 250 BCE, during the reign of Ashoka the Great, the renowned Mahabodhi Temple was built. One of the first Buddhist temples, in fact. Bodh Gaya’s Mahabodhi Temple Complex currently consists of the 50-meter-tall Mahabodhi Temple, the Vajrasana, the sacred Bodhi Tree, and other six important sites of Buddha’s enlightenment, all of which are encircled by numerous historic votive stupas. Bodh Gaya is regarded as the most sacred place for Buddhist pilgrims because of all these reasons.

Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003)

The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, which were named a Unesco World Heritage Site in 2003, are where the earliest signs of human life on the Indian subcontinent were found. They are an archaeological site from the Mesolithic period (more than 100,000 years ago), which marks the start of the South Asian Stone Age, and are situated near the foothills of the Vindhya Mountains on the Deccan Plateau. The five boulders that make up the rock shelters were just discovered in 1957 and are famous for their Mesolithic age sculptures and paintings. These works of art play a significant role in illuminating the lifestyle and pursuits of the hunter-gatherers who lived before us and demonstrating the fusion of art and landscape at that time. Natural Rock Shelters with Rock Paintings, Stone Age Inscriptions, and the Bhima Sitting Place (Mahabharata).

Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004)

In the Panchmahal district of the Indian state of Gujarat, there is a UNESCO World Heritage Site called the Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park. It is a significant location historically and culturally, centering around the city of Champaner or Muhammadabad established by Sultan Mahmud Begada of Gujarat. The only entirely unaltered pre-Mughal Islamic city is located here. Another area of Champaner-Pavagarh that is thought to have mythological significance is still unexplored.

It contains 11 various kinds of historical structures dating from the 16th century, including mosques, temples, tombs, gateways, fortresses and walls, palaces and pavilions, helical wells, and custom houses. One may see a change from the former Hindu architectural styles to the Muslim architectural styles. Additionally, the area is home to some prehistoric Chalcolithic Indian sites from the Stone Age.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (2004)

Mumbai’s Central Railway is headquartered at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, originally known as the Victoria Terminus. It was constructed by Frederick William Stevens between the years of 1878 and 1888, drawing inspiration from traditional Mughal structures as well as Victorian Italianate Gothic Revival architecture, and it gave Bombay the appearance of being the International Mercantile Port of India. The terminal’s design, which incorporates features from the Italian and Victorian eras, in some ways makes us think of Indian royal architecture and is a great illustration of how indigenous and western artistic traditions can coexist harmoniously. There have been complaints of damage to this location due to a number of factors, including pollution, traffic, construction activities, etc. To ensure this is preserved, more needs to be done.

Red Fort Complex (2007)

The Red Fort, which is located in the heart of the old city of New Delhi, was constructed by Emperor Shah Jahan when he moved his capital from Agra to Delhi, or what was then known as Shahjahanabad. The fort developed as the Mughals’ governmental centre. The Red Fort is the ideal illustration of how Mughal art and architecture peaked under Shah Jahan. Several aspects of the Red Fort exhibit the merging of Indo-Islamic, Timurid, Hindu, and Persian architectural styles. It is constructed of red sandstone and contains a number of lesser structures, including the private pavilions, the Diwan-i-Khas, and the Diwan-i-aam.

The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur (2010)

An astronomical observatory called Jantar Mantar was constructed in Rajasthan in the 18th century. The Rajput ruler Sawai Jai Singh of Rajasthan built this astronomical observatory in the year 1738 CE. It consists of 19 astronomy equipment, including the biggest stone sundial in the world. These tools are all manufactured by humans. The observatory includes instruments for calculating the horizon-zenith local network, equatorial system, and ecliptic system, which are celestial coordinate systems. This structure, one of India’s best-preserved observatories, is a wonderful representation of India’s scientific and cultural legacy.

Western Ghats (2012)

Along the western shore of the Indian Peninsula are the Western Ghats or Sahyadri mountain ranges. Along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, The Range stretches north to south. In Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra, it consists of numerous national parks, reserve forests, and wildlife sanctuaries. The hills have a total size of 160000 square kilometres, are 1600 kilometres long, 100 kilometres wide, and 1200 metres high. It is one of the top 8 biological hot spots in the world and has a very high biodiversity. There are 325 different types of plants and animals living in the woods throughout the Western Ghats, including rare, endangered, and critically endangered species.

One of the “Hottest Biodiversity Hotspots” in the world, featuring numerous national parks, wildlife refuges, and reserve forests.

Hill Forts of Rajasthan (2013)

This location, which was included to India’s list of World Heritage Sites in 2013, is renowned for its distinctive Rajput Military Defense Architecture. It features six magnificent forts, including those in Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh, Ranthambore, Gagron, Amber, and Jaisalmer. They are situated in Rajasthan on the rugged Aravalli Mountain Range. The forts’ mere size and length are sufficient to convey the Rajputana chieftains’ and monarchs’ might and power. These forts have formidable defences. It appeared as though a small city existed inside the fort’s walls.

Numerous markets, bazaars, palaces, temples, urban and trading centres, etc. were present. We are aware of this since some of them have endured. Additionally, these forts have distinctive water collection and storage systems that are still in use today. Additionally, a few Satyajit Ray films, including “Shonar Kella,” and The Dark Knight Rises were filmed there.

Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat (2014)

It was constructed in the third millennium BC in the monarchs’ honour and is a clear example of exquisite Ancient Indian architecture. Legend has it that when the Solanki dynasty was in power, Bhimdev 1, the family’s first ruler, was widowed, and his widowed queen Udayamati erected the monument in his honour and memory. Due to the beauty and wonder of its architecture, it was just recently named a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Stepped Corridors, Sculptures, and Stone Carvings in the Well make Rani-ki-vav famous. Lord Vishnu, represented by his 10 avatars, is the subject of the majority of the sculptures in the well. These avatars represent his return to the world. This vav is not only a location to store water; a spiritual significance has also been confirmed to it. According to the religious and mythical works recorded in the canonical literature, it is shaped like an inverted temple and is divided into seven tiers of wells, each of which has a special significance.

Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area (2014)

The Great Himalayan National Park, one of India’s national parks, is situated in the Kullu region of northern Himachal Pradesh and spans an area of 754.4 square kilometres. A number of rivers, mostly Indus tributaries, have their upper mountain snowmelt and glacier water melt beginnings in the park. About 375 different kinds of animal and plant life can be found there, including some rare ones like the blue sheep, snow leopard, Himalayan brown bear, Himalayan tahr, musk deer spruces, horse chestnuts, and wide alpine meadows.

It is one of the more recent additions to India’s list of World Heritage Sites and is a hotspot for biodiversity in the Himalayas. Its attractiveness is enhanced by coniferous forests, snowy peaks (elevation range: 4,100 m), and pristine glaciers. A webpage for the conservation of wildlife. In light of this, hunting any of these creatures is completely forbidden.

Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar (2016)

From the third century BCE until the thirteenth century CE, Bihar’s Nalanda Archaeological Site served as a Buddhist monastery and a centre for study. If you go across the campus, which is a representation of a glorious era, you will see the ruins of stupas, shrines, and viharas. Nalanda, which continued to be a centre of learning for 800 years, attested to the development of Buddhism as a religion.

Scholars from as far away as Tibet, China, Korea, and Central Asia formerly attended the first residential university in the world, which was known for its formalised Vedic education. This makes it the second UNESCO-designated world historic site in Bihar, giving it even more prominence on the Indian tourism map.

The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement (2016)

Le Corbusier’s architectural creations, which span numerous nations and include the Capital Complex of Chandigarh, were honoured as a World Heritage Site in recognition of their remarkable contribution to the Modern Movement. Le Corbusier worked on projects like these in 17 different nations during the first half of the 20th century.

In Chandigarh, the Secretariat, the High Court, and the legislative bodies for the states of Punjab and Haryana are all housed within the Capitol Complex. This capitol complex was created when Chandigarh was being erected as the capital of Punjab in 1950 following the partition of India and is situated in Sector 1 of Chandigarh.

Khangchendzonga National Park (2016)

Khangchendzonga National Park, which is a part of the North and West Sikkim districts of the lovely state of Sikkim in India’s North-East, was designated a world heritage site in 2016, bringing the country’s overall number of world heritage sites to 35. The 850 sq. km. Kanchenjunga Biosphere Reserve, also known as Kanchenjunga National Park, is a huge territory with an altitude ranging from 1,829 m to 8,500 m above sea level.

The third-highest mountain in the world, Kanchenjunga Peak, is located within Kangchendzonga National Park. The national park is well-known for its wildlife and plants, and snow leopards are occasionally seen there. For those who enjoy trekking, there are a few trails in this national park.

Historic City of Ahmadabad (2017)

Hindu, Islamic, and Jain cultures have coexisted for centuries in Ahmedabad, a walled city on the banks of the Sabarmati.

On July 8, 2017, Ahmedabad, the first Indian city to make the list, was designated as a World Heritage City. Nearly 25 ASI (Archaeological Survey of India) protected structures can be found in Ahmedabad. The urban fabric is composed of tightly clustered traditional homes on gated traditional streets with distinctive elements like bird feeders, public wells, and religious institutions, according to a statement from UNESCO. Up till the present, the city has remained prosperous while serving as the state capital of Gujarat for six centuries.

Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai (2018)

The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai, which was added to the list of Heritage Sites in June 2018, is a grouping of 94 buildings with significant cultural value that are situated around the Oval Maidan, formerly known as Esplanade, in Mumbai’s Fort Area. The Old Secretariat Building, Bombay High Court, The Fort Campus of the University of Mumbai, and other 19th-century Victorian Neo-Gothic buildings flank The Oval to the east.

Along with Watson’s Hotel, David Sassoon Library, and Elphinstone College, the Victorian side of the Ensemble also includes the Rajabai Clock Tower, a well-known landmark in the City of Dreams. Along the Arabian Sea’s western shore, the Art Deco structures from the 20th century survive.

The latter is made up of largely privately owned homes and the iconic Eros Cinema, which served as the catalyst for the Back Bay reclamation along Marine Drive in 1935. Mumbai’s Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble, which consists of two distinct sections, differs in style. This abrupt change in creative objectives is magnificently reflected in the cityscape, earning Mumbai’s deserving inclusion on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Jaipur City, Rajasthan (2019)

Jaipur is teeming with lively local bazaars where you may indulge your passion for shopping for regional handicrafts and trinkets. Bapu Bazaar, Tripolia Bazaar, and Johri Bazaar are a some of the city’s well-known bazaars.

On June 6th, 2019, Jaipur became a member of the club with the most recent addition to India’s list of UNESCO world historic sites. One of the largest towns in India, Jaipur, the pink city, effectively manages to hold onto its old-world beauty. It is surrounded by walls and gates that are ornamented with drawings against a background of gorgeous pink. In addition to the Amer Fort and Jantar Mantar UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Jaipur is home to numerous other exquisite forts, palaces, temples, and museums.

Dholavira: a Harappan City (2021)

Dholavira, one of the most advanced towns in the Indus Valley Civilization about 4500 years ago, is now renowned as a magnificent archaeological site. Between 2650 and 1450 BCE, it was a thriving Harappan settlement. The settlement, also known locally as Kotada Timba, is currently an archaeological site in the Kutch district of Gujarat’s Khadirbet.

The area not only has observable architectural remnants, but also evidence of the Harappan way of life. The town also included a huge open stadium and was divided into three primary architectural schemes. Additionally, several relics were unearthed, including earthen pots, beads, jewellery, and other objects. The water conservation system in the town of Dholavira was extraordinary. The Mansar and the Manhar were two of its most vital waterways.

Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (2021)

Within the State of Telangana, in the village of Palampet, 200 kilometres northeast of Hyderabad, sits Rudreshwara, also known as Ramappa Temple. A walled complex with multiple Shiva temples was constructed during the Kakatiyan era (1123–1323 CE) by kings Rudradeva and Recharla Rudra. The sandstone temple’s construction is thought to have lasted for about 40 years, starting in 1213 CE.

A remarkable and pyramidal Vimana (horizontally stepped tower) composed of lightweight porous bricks, so-called “floating bricks,” which lowered the weight of the roof structures, can be seen in the edifice, along with ornate beams and pillars of carved granite and dolerite. High-caliber sculptures at the temple depict Kakatiyan culture and local dancing traditions.

The temple was built in accordance with the philosophy and practise endorsed in dharmic texts that says temples are to be constructed to form an integral part of a natural setting, including hills, forests, springs, streams, lakes, catchment areas, and agricultural lands. It was situated at the foothills of a forested area and amidst agricultural fields, close to the shores of the Ramappa Cheruvu, a water reservoir built by the Kakatiya.

10 Innovative Ideas to Reuse Plastic Bottles

Man-made plastics have drastically increased technology and consumer products, it is evident that humanity discards too much plastic.

We live in a society where many of our everyday things include plastic, and we dump a lot of items that are hazardous to the environment if not properly recycled.

The people who cares about the environment recognizes the value of reusing plastic bottles. Buying reusable, sustainably sourced things and reusing or recycling them is an effective way to do our part.

Please do not discard the plastic containers once you have finished with the milk, water, or any other item. Actually, we can use it to build something useful by crafting it into something you require rather than purchasing it and saving money.

1. Bottle Cap To Seal the Bag

This trick can be used for almost anything. That half-eaten bag of flour or snacks to keep it fresh, this can be used as an airtight container. You can reduce the the need of separate container to store.

Here’s how to do it:

Remove the top from an empty plastic bottle, put the open end of the bag into the aperture, and fold the bag down around the mouthpiece.

Then, to “close” the bag, simply screw the lid on top of it.

2. Planters

There are numerous creative indoor and outdoor methods to use a plastic bottle to grow your plants. You might be familiar to planting in pots or on the ground. But, if you have any extra plastic bottles, try utilising them.
These planter designs aren’t too big or too pricey. You can use them to grow little plants by mounting them on your wall.

3. Bird Feeder

It’s simpler and more efficient than you may imagine to scale up a plastic bottle into a fully functional birdfeeder. Create a backyard buffet for the birds to keep them coming back, and offer a variety of seeds on a regular basis to draw in more species of birds.

4. Trash bins

Make a trash bin using leftover materials! Yes, you can use any size of used plastic bottles to create a unique trash can. Particularly when creating a wire frame, you must be exact with your specifications. Put some mud inside the bottles to give them weight so that they won’t blow away. Even putting together a lid is doable. Make careful to line it with a bin liner, though.

5. Garden Fence

It’s a creative approach to recycle to fix two bottles together to make a horizontal fence. It will take a while, so you’ll need a lot of bottles that are all the same size and some patience. It needs some effort, but the payoff is almost a free garden fence that can be altered as needed.

6. Automatic planters

You can create your own self-watering plastic planter by inserting the inverted top half into the bottom one that is filled with water and a wick through holes punched through the cap. Simply check on it once a week, empty and clean the reservoir, and you won’t have to worry for the following week or two.

7. Shady lamps

If you use your imagination, there is no end to the things you can create using plastic bottles. By chopping off the top and painting it, you may make a simple lampshade. Alternatively, you can make a chandelier by chopping off the bottom of each bottle and hanging the “flowers” together. A plastic bottle lamp shade is inexpensive, original, and one of a kind.

8. Making chimes and art for the walls

Plastic bottles can be used to create as many unique creative wall hangings as there are types of bottles. You can combine different sizes, embellish them with string, and finish the artwork by adding bells or stars.

9. Funnel for pet bottles

This is possibly the simplest creation you can construct from a plastic bottle. It only needs the top portion to be removed, preferably in a slant, and then it is ready for usage. It is simple and efficient to recycle a commonplace item that you would otherwise toss away carelessly.

10. Green House

Although time- and labor-intensive, creating a greenhouse from plastic bottles is a reliable and economical method. It will keep vital heat in, breathe, and keep your plants healthy. It is very simple to repair.

Conclusion

Realizing the hazardous long-term effects that plastic trash has on our environment is what we need to do. If we can’t initially cease using it, at least we need to dispose of it in recycling containers. If we don’t figure out a method to stop its negative consequences, it won’t be long until the earth decides to recycle us. Plastic pollution is just as terrible a menace to our planet as global warming is.

To ensure that our future is still full of birds, sunshine, and trees rather than islands of plastic and cancerous plastic running in our waterways, perhaps we should develop novel ideas like “plastic roads”—plastic being recycled into asphalt mixture and used to pave roads that are apparently more durable and long lasting.

10 Best Mosquito Repellent Plants That Actually Works

Mosquito Repellent Plants are great warriors to protect your happy moments. Mosquitoes are the worst. They make a buzzing noise in your ear, create irritating red bites, and can potentially transmit disease.

So, how to protect us? Most people use a variety of chemical sprays and coils that create smoke to repel mosquitos, but these chemicals infect people as well, causing chronical diseases. People who have asthma are more allergic to these chemicals.

Other aspects of an area, such as pools of standing water, have a significantly greater impact on whether or not you have a mosquito problem. Make your home a less welcoming environment for these insects.

This excellent list of ten various plants and herbs can be planted in pots for your balcony or in your garden as a natural bug repellent.

Find the list of Mosquito Repellent Plants

1. Lavender

Mosquitoes can’t handle the smell of this herb, which contains a high amount of camphor, to keep bugs at away. It also repels bugs. You must plant lavender if you want to be able to genuinely relax and appreciate the beautiful outdoors.

The essential oils produced from lavender are beautifully smelling. This plant’s oils have long been used for their relaxing properties. Once established, it is a drought-tolerant plant that requires less amount of water.

2. Rosemary

Rosemary is a cooking herb and also repels flies and mosquitoes, It also has a strong odour that repels other insects, like cabbage moths, carrot flies, slugs, and snails.

It has needle-like leaves and only requires a small amount of water. It can be grown in containers and thrives in hot, dry conditions, prefers full sunlight and is an ideal plant to grow outdoors.

It is a member of the mint family that, if not controlled, spreads like wild, but it is effective against mosquitoes.

How to use this to repel the mosquitoes?

The plant and its cuttings work well as repellents. To prepare a basic repellent spray, boil one quart of dried rosemary in a quart of water for 20 to 30 minutes, then filter the liquid into a container large enough to hold a half-gallon of cool water. Spray the prepared liquid in a sprayer to get rid of the bugs.

3. Mint

Mint is a widely used herb in a variety of cuisines. Bug bites can also be soothed with the use of mint essential oils. This has the ability to kill any pests that may be lurking nearby. It’s an effective nontoxic mosquito repellent plant that even works for flies and ants as well.

You’ll get fewer bugs if the aroma is stronger. You may even dry the leaves and use them as a natural pest control option inside your home.

Plant a variety of mints in your nursery, both wild and cultivated, because they all have the same basic function of repelling mosquitoes. Mint is an easy plant to grow and may even be used to manufacture your own insect repellant.

4. Marigolds

Pyrethrum, a chemical found in many insect repellents and frequently referred to as “nature’s insecticide,” is found in marigolds.

Marigolds are a popular vegetable garden boundary plant. These blossoms have a powerful scent and a mild, lemony flavour.

Marigolds are an easy-to-grow annual flower that may be grown in pots and placed near the front door to keep bugs out. Not only do they repel mosquitoes, but they also repel cockroaches, beetles, vegetable bugs. Beneficial insects that attack and kill aphids are attracted to marigolds.

5. Lemongrass

Citronella, an oil used in mosquito repellents, is abundant in lemongrass. This decorative plant is delicious in soups and other recipes. Lemongrass should be avoided by pregnant women and new mothers because it has been linked to birth abnormalities.

lemongrass-herb-plant — Lemongrass herb plant

It has thin, aromatic green leaves. Grow in full sun and average, well-drained soil. It can withstand some light shade. It’s an excellent container plant.

The herb is also used as an anti-inflammatory medication in India. Lemongrass has a wonderful perfume, which is why it’s used in soaps and other scents.

6. Lemon Balm

Lemon balm is one of the mint family with a pleasant lemon aroma that we enjoy, but mosquitoes dislike. Mosquitoes seem to stay away from this plants due to its strong odours.

This type of plant grows quickly and requires little upkeep, making it easy to manage. This plant’s peaceful, but strong aroma is supposed to ease nausea and settle bouts of insomnia as an herbal remedy.

Lemon balm is best grown in containers because it can be highly invasive. Because it has a high level of citronellal, the plant serves to keep bugs away.

7. Floss Flower

The flowers contain coumarin, a substance that is commonly used in mosquito repellents. But it is poisonous to pets and people if consumed.

floss flower to repel mosquitoes — Floss flower

These velvety blossoms make a lovely border plant. While not the most effective insect repellent, these purple beauties have a scent that mosquitoes dislike.

Floss flowers come in a variety of colours, including blue, pink, white, and purple, and they go well with any bouquet.

The Floss Flower’s perfume has been described as a black licorice-scented essence that repels mosquitoes well. This plant’s oil has traditionally been used to treat wounds and cuts.

8. Catnip (catmint)

Catnip leaves contain a chemical called nepetalactone, which attracts cats but repels mosquitoes and also cockroaches, according to a study done by the American Chemical Society.

Indeed, research has revealed that nepetalactone is a more efficient mosquito repellant than the commercial chemical DEET, makes it one of the best mosquito repellent plants in the list. Catnip has attractive white or purple flower spikes. Coughs are claimed to be relieved by catnip flowers.

The plant, which is a perennial that will come back year after year, thrives in full sun; let the soil dry out slightly between waterings. During the spring season, it thrives.

Catmint was proven to be more efficient than commercial DEET, the ingredient included in most insect repellents, in a study at Iowa State University.

9. Garlic

Another approach to keep mosquitoes at bay is to use garlic. You can use it by chopping it up into small pieces and scattering it about your living area.

Garlic can also be used to make a spray but mixing with any aroma oil, mostly mint oil will do better.

It’s also an effective pest and fungal prevention.

Star-shaped blossoms in pink and white shades. They attract pollinators such as butterflies, bees, and ladybugs when they bloom in late April.

It’s something that’s so simple to cultivate and has such a great flavour that it’s well worth your time!

10. Basil

Basil contains geraniol, among other ingredients, which makes it one of an excellent mosquito repellant plants.

There’s no need to break the leaves or prepare it in any manner because this plant releases its perfume spontaneously. Basil is harmful to mosquito larvae, so you can use it to keep mosquitoes from laying eggs near standing water.
Basil not only makes excellent salads, but it can help keep insects at bay.

Basil is a wonderful herb for medicinal uses, and there are many different types available around the world. This herb prefers a moist environment, good drainage, and plenty of sunlight. Plant basil alone or with other flowers in containers or in the garden, as long as both plants fit the same needs.

Canonical URL – How to use it effectively to boost SEO?

The canonical URL is a crucial notion that is frequently misunderstood and misused, even by seasoned SEOs with years of experience.

A canonical URL is the URL of the page on your site that Google considers to be the most representative of a group of duplicate pages.

What is canonical URL?

In technical terms, canonical URLs are just HTML link tags with the rel=canonical attributes. Search for rel=”canonical” in the source code of a webpage to see this. It’s a feature that only search engines can discover.

A canonical URL is a link element that tells search engines that multiple URLs are linked to the same master page. In a nutshell, they allow you to choose which version of a URL should appear in search results. This is useful for preventing duplicate content from having a negative effect on rankings.

How should Google choose which version of a page to index and rank?

Too much duplicate content, as well as low-quality content, is obviously bad for your website.

Your “crawl budget” may be impacted if you have too much duplicate content. As a result, Google may spend more time indexing several versions of the same page than crawling other key information on your site.

canonical url for websites — Image source Woorank

So if you want google to focus your website effectively, Why would you want Google to waste time indexing numerous versions of the same page rather than focusing on your website’s most important pages?

Here comes the canonical URL.

Why is Rel=Canonical beneficial to SEO?

When search engines see several pages with the same contents (duplicated content), they are confused as to which page to index and rank. as a result they ignore those pages. To improve the user experience and meet search intent, Google simply filters out duplicate results from ranking.

However, by following relative canonical URL best practices and knowing when to utilize this tag, you can simply remedy these difficulties to preserve your SEO value.

When to use a canonical URL?

When you republish your old content.
When you do A/B test with different Pages
To keep track of content that has been syndicated. You want to make sure that your preferred URL appears in search results if you syndicate your content for publishing on other domains for marketing purpose. The social media like Medium are providing the facility to add the canonical URL.
To tell users the URL they should view in search results.

General rules for all canonicalization methods:

The following are the guidelines recommended by Google

The robots.txt file should not be used for canonicalization.
Don’t canonicalize with the URL removal tool. It clears Search of all variants of a URL.
Don’t use the same or different canonicalization approaches to define various URLs as canonical for the same page (for example, don’t specify one URL in a sitemap but a different URL for the same page using rel=”canonical”).
Noindex should not be used to prevent the selection of a canonical page. This directive is used to remove a page from the index, not to manage the canonical page selection.
When using hreflang tags, specify a canonical page. Specify a canonical page in the same language, or the best available substitute language if a canonical for the same language does not exist.
When linking within your site, use the canonical URL rather than a duplicate URL. Linking to the URL you want to be canonical on a regular basis helps Google understand your preference.
Non-canonical pages should not be included in a sitemap. Only include canonical URLs in your sitemap if you’re using one.

Noindex Robots vs. Canonical URLs

The canonical tag informs search engines that this is the only version of the page available. The robots noindex tag instructs search engines not to index the page.

Is it best to use Canonical URLs or Noindex Robots Meta Tags to deal with duplicate content?

You may tell search engines not to scan your sites using meta tag SEO and a robots meta tag, which may appear to be a quick cure. In most circumstances, though, the more pages on your website that Google can crawl, the better. So it’s usually advisable to use noindex for pages that you do not aim to rank or receive traffic for.

What’s the Difference Between Canonical URLs and 301 Redirects?

in simple, A 301 Redirect tells the search engine that the page has been moved permanently, that it should be removed from the index, and that any SEO credit earned should be transferred to the new page.

A Canonical Attribute informs a search engine that a document contains many copies of the same content.

What are the ways for implementing the canonical URL ?

There are number of ways to implement the canonical URL in your website easily, the following are the most easy steps methods to do.

Use a WordPress plugin

if your website is build with WordPress platform the the plugins like Yoast, RankMath, All in one SEO etc., to implement the code they provide the facility by default.

Use the code in the website header

If you are familiar with coding then this is easy to go with a small code snippets can be used to add rel=canonical tags to your website. To set the canonical URL as soon as crawlers land on your page, add the following code to your page header

Through Google Tag Manager

The Custom HTML tag in the google tag manager helps you to complete the job, the Moz website has a good article on how to implement the canonical URL via GTM please check that.

Types of Essays

Essay writing is a regular school task, a requirement on college applications, and a part of academic standards. Choosing the right sort of essay to write in response to a writing prompt is crucial to answering the question correctly on examinations. Writing various types of essays effectively has become important to academic achievement.

There are many kinds of essays, making it easy to become confused. Actually, there are four basic types of essays, with variants accounting for the remaining. This can assist writers in condensing their work into a clear, focused, and well-organized essay.

We’ll go over the 4 major types of essays in this article.

Narrative essays

Narrative essays are the most personal form of essay you’ll write because they describe an experience. you have to use your imagination and creativity.

The writer of a narrative essay describes the journey about a real-life experience. When writing a narrative essay, writers should make the story as realistic as possible in order to engage the reader.

Descriptive essays

Descriptive essays put your ability to process words creatively to create a memorable picture of what you’re describing to the test.

This types of essays give a detailed account of the subject area. It could be a person, a place, an object, or an event. These essays are similar to narrative essays, encourage you to be more creative in your writing.

The major different is narrative essays tells the complete story, but descriptive essays needs to talk about only the subject area.

Expository essays

An expository essay explains a topic in a straightforward and focused manner. It does not required a creative argument, but rather a well-balanced and well-organized perspective on the subject.

Expository essays examine your knowledge of a topic as well as your ability to structure and communicate information. This type of essays do not show any emotion because they are based on facts rather than personal feelings.

In an expository essay, the writer uses facts, data, and examples to illustrate or clarify a topic. Expository writing includes a variety of essay types, including comparison and contrast essays and cause and effect essays.

Persuasive essays

Argumentative essay writing is another name for persuasive essay writing.

The purpose of a persuasive essay, like that of an explanatory essay, is to convince the reader to adopt the writer’s point of view or recommendation.

The writer must use facts and logic, as well as examples, expert opinion, and sound reasoning, to construct a case.

The writer should offer all sides of the debate, but he or she must be able to convey effectively and without ambiguity.

Persuasive writing is frequently used in advertising campaigns to persuade you to buy something. But it’s not just for marketing; it’s used in a variety of situations.

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam is a well-known name around the world. He is regarded as one of the most brilliant scientists of the twenty-first century. Furthermore, he becomes India’s 11th president and serves his country. He was the country’s most cherished citizen because of his incomparable contributions as a scientist and a president. He implanted the seed of self confidence among the student community, who believed that the youngster’s of India is the greatest resource for the nation’s development.

He is known as the people’s president, who loved and lived a simple life as a president of India

His contribution to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is outstanding. He oversaw a number of initiatives that contributed to the development of the Agni and Prithvi missiles. He was dubbed “India’s Missile Man” because of his participation with nuclear power. And the government honored him with the highest civilian award for his service to the country.

Early life and education

APJ Abdul Kalam was born in the Tamil Nadu town of Rameswaram. His family’s financial situation was poor at the time, so he helped the family by working as a newspaper distributer during the childhood. But he also went to school which never stopped learning. He maintained his studies and graduated while still supporting his family.

After graduating from Ramanathapuram’s Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Kalam went on to Saint Joseph’s College in Tiruchirappalli, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in physics in 1954. Later, in 1955, he enrolled at Madras Institute of Technology to study aerospace engineering.

He had a dream to become a fighter pilot, but he couldn’t make it, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were available in the IAF.

Career as a scientist

Kalam joined the Defence Research and Development Organisation’s Aeronautical Development Establishment as a scientist in 1960 after joining the Defence Research and Development Service (DRDS). He began his career by building a small hovercraft, but he was disillusioned by his decision to work for the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO).

Kalam was also a member of the INCOSPAR committee, which was led by renowned space scientist Vikram Sarabhai. Later in 1969, Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation as the project director for India’s first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III), which successfully launched the Rohini satellite into near-earth orbit in July 1980.

From July 1992 to December 1999, Kalam served as the Prime Minister’s Chief Scientific Adviser and Secretary of the DRDO. During this time, he was heavily involved in politics and technology, and the Pokhran-II nuclear testing were carried out. During the testing phase, Kalam and Rajagopala Chidambaram functioned as the Chief Project Coordinators. During this time, Kalam became the country’s most well-known nuclear physicist.

Presidency Period

Kalam succeeded K. R. Narayanan as the 11th President of India. He served presidential position from July 25, 2002, to July 25, 2007.

During his period, the nation reached numerous milestones that greatly benefited the country and attained the focus of other countries. He was known as the “people’s president” because he served the country with an open heart.

Post-presidency Period

As a visiting lecturer after his presidency, he began to enlighten the young and beautiful brains of Indian students all around the country. And the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology in Thiruvananthapuram’s chancellor. He was believed that India’s youth were the key to transforming the country into a global superpower. He sparked their thoughts to glorify the nation.

Awards and Honors

He was one of India’s most renowned scientists, having received honorary doctorates from more than 30 universities and institutions. He has received the Padma Bhushan (1981) and Padma Vibhushan (1990) civilian awards, as well as the highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna (1997). He was also a recipient of a number of other honors and a Fellow of a number of professional organisations.

Writings

He wrote around 25 inspiring books that can influence your view of life. Abdul Kalam’s significant books are “A Vision for Tomorrow’s India” and “Wings of Fire.” You can also find the list of all 25 books here.

Death of APJ Abdul Kalam

In 2015, he died of sudden heart failure while giving a lecture to students in Shillong. He was a great scientist and a pioneer engineer who dedicated his life to the country and died while doing so. The man had the ambition to transform India into a great nation. And, according to him, the youth are the country’s true assets, so we must encourage and motivate them.

Memorial

The DRDO created the Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam National Memorial in Pei Karumbu, in the island town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, in Kalam’s honour. Prime Minister Narendra Modi gave the inaugural speech. Replicas of rockets and missiles with which Kalam worked are on display. In the entryway, there is a monument of APJ Abdul Kalam playing the Veena.

The Value of Kindness

From world wars to epidemics, the society we live in today has been through a lot, but one thing has stayed constant: resilience and kindness. Furthermore, it was the will to fight back and assist one another. To make the world a better place, kindness must be a necessary and universal attribute. We will go through it in detail in an essay on kindness.

KINDNESS HAS A BEAUTIFUL WAY OF REACHING DOWN INTO A WEARY HEART AND MAKING IT SHINE LIKE THE RISING SUN
Unknown

Kindness is defined as being kind, empathetic, and considerate. Every religion and faith instils the virtue of kindness in its adherents. Most essential, generosity must extend not only to humans but to all living things.

Nature, too, has its own way of offering compassion. The trees, for example, produce fruits for us and provide shade. Kindness must be viewed as a fundamental behavioural feature rather than a core value. When you are kind to your loved ones, you establish a solid foundation.

WHEN WORDS ARE BOTH TRUE AND KIND, THEY CAN CHANGE THE WORLD
Buddha

Kindness to animals, the environment, and other people has the power to improve the world and make it a more beautiful place to live. But it’s also crucial to remember that kindness to yourself is necessary for personal development.

We must develop kindness as people today become more self-centered. We must make an effort to incorporate it into our lives. You may not realize how a tiny act of kindness may make a difference in someone’s life. So, always be kind.

KINDNESS IS FREE TO GIVE, BUT PRICELESS TO RECEIVE
RAKtivist

It is fundamental that we all understand the significance of compassion. Always keep in mind that being kind does not cost anything. It could be a little comment or a magnificent gesture, but no matter how big or small, compassion is always appreciated. As a result, do your best to be kind to everyone you meet.

Why Kindness is the most important thing?

Kindness have the power to alter the world.

Every act of kindness influences our thoughts of ourselves and others, as well as the views of others. Being kind is vital because it makes one feel good about themselves.

When you do things for other people and assist them in any way, you feel good about yourself and like you’ve accomplished something.

Furthermore, you will be respected in return. Selfless acts of kindness to share love in society are necessary for keeping individuals grounded and aware that there are those in the world who are less fortunate than them.

We feel more empathetic, confident, useful, and in control as our kindness has a good impact on others. We’ve also noticed that we’re feeling more grateful and optimistic.

What are the qualities of kindness?

Being compassionate, kind, helpful, and understanding of others is what kindness entails. Caring, compassion, friendship, and generosity are all qualities that can be demonstrated.

Treating people in the same way that you want to be treated. A kind person is considerate of others’ feelings and is helpful and generous.

What is the power of kindness?

Kindness is such a basic principle, but it has such a significant impact. It has the potential to improve the world by putting a stop to suffering caused by war, starvation, human rights violations, and injustice. It has the ability to significantly improve our personal health as well as the health of our families, friends, acquaintances, and strangers.

Best 5 Emotional Hooks To Increase Your Content Performance

The secret component is to add emotion. Let’s have a look at some tips for improving the performance of your content.

The first step is to consider how you can connect with your target market.
as well as creating intriguing content

The more you engage with potential customers, the higher your retention rate will be; if your retention rate rises, it’s a sign that you’re trustworthy to your clients.

1. Add a Good Story to Your Content

Everyone likes stories no matter what their age is, since stories are an effective medium to gain people’s attention and connect them emotionally.

Positive stories have the potential to impact the success of any company, so tell them about the success stories and case studies about your projects and how your customers are satisfied with your help.

2. Fear of Missing Out

Creating a sense of urgency is the most effective technique to generate sales since it elicits the fear of losing out on a wonderful opportunity.

People always love to grab deals. You just need to create the urgency to buy your products, like a lifetime deal that is valid for a limited time.

This creates the fear of missing out on the offer that they’ll be more interested in your brand and your product.

3. Help Your Audience to Achieve their Goal

Even the most common goals are intertwined with passions, anxieties, and feelings of inferiority for the majority of people.
You have a direct line to your audience’s emotions if you can figure out what they want most.

Offer to assist them in getting what they want, and they’ll perceive you as a friend – and will most likely buy from you.

It’s pretty crucial to undergo audience research to discover the correct angle with this strategy. By polling or interviewing your audience, you can try to speak directly with them.

Then incorporate these results into your writing, emphasising how your product or service may assist your target audience in achieving their goals.

4. Create questionable Title

This kind of title could directly address a need that your potential customer looking for solution and this could trigger them to click.

Not every question makes for a good title. You should never pose a question that anyone could effortlessly answer.

Unanswered questions attract interest. That is why now a days lot of articles begin with a question: readers want to know the answer, so they click.

If you want more people to look at your content, a little mystery could be just what you need.

In your title, pose a question, and then answer it in the body of your material.

5. Make Your Audience Feel Unique

People gravitate to uniqueness. If you give your audience something they can’t get anyplace else, they’ll naturally flock toward you and help spread the word.

After a customer purchases your stuff, follow up with them.

They’ll be gratified to realize that you care about their opinions even after you’ve closed the deal.

Simply send a brief email asking if they are pleased with the goods and if there is anything further you can do to assist them. This strategy is an excellent method to establish a positive image for your company.

Do some audience research and segment your audience depending on the buyers persona, and make this a part of your plan as an ongoing effort.

Advantage of Air Travelling

Advantage of air travelling in the last few decades, air travel has become increasingly popular. For most travelers, air travel is the preferred mode of transportation. For vacation or planning a tourist trip, first we should decide the mode of transportation.

Flying can be highly beneficial depending on how you spend your time as a tourist, but it can also destroy a holiday or business meeting if things go wrong. Traveling by air, on the other hand, has both advantages and disadvantages.

Let’s start with the good stuff out of the way first.

Advantages of Air Travelling

Speed of Travel

The primary advantage of air travel is that it is significantly faster to travel between locations than other modes of transportation. Driving between locations could take lot of time, whereas flying could cover the same distance in a few hours. Actually this allows us to take longer holidays by reducing the amount of time we spend travelling.

Comfort and Satisfaction

In a competitive market, airlines are increasingly focusing on comfort as a way to differentiate themselves. In comparison to other modes of transportation, you can choose how to sit more comfortably. They provide a controlled atmosphere at a pleasant temperature, as well as the opportunity for passengers to stretch their legs during the journey.

Safety

Air travel is one of the safest modes of transportation available. Every year, a large number of deadly incidents occur as a result of car travel. Train accidents, on the other hand, are plentiful. Air travel-related disasters do occur, although they are far less often. For many people, this makes choosing air travel over other modes of transportation a simple decision.

Aviation technology is progressing at a breakneck pace. In comparison to road travel, the latest Airbus and Boeing models are equipped with so many safety systems.

Disadvantages of Air Travelling

Air travel has its own set of drawbacks. lets focus on most common problems below

Illness

Your stomach may begin to misbehave as a result of your flying anxiety. To relax, all you need are some laxatives. This is a frequent issue that many travelers face. So be relax and enjoy the ride.

Airport Hassles

For most of the passengers, the airport itself is a source of frustration. Those measures make some individuals uneasy. Travelers need to get from one gate to another in a different portion of the airport in a short amount of time during layovers in large airports. Let’s take a look at a few frequent airport annoyances that make flying undesirable.

Security Checkpoint
Transportation Security Administration (TSA) screening
Baggage restrictions
Dealing with delays and cancellations
Overbooking

Ketogenic Diet For Weight Loss

In recent years, the ketogenic diet has gotten a lot of exposure as one of the most effective weight-loss methods. The ketogenic diet is a low-carb, high-fat diet that has a number of health advantages. The ketogenic diet helps you burn fat more effectively due to its low-carbohydrate, medium-protein, higher-fat ratio. It has plenty of health benefits in addition to weight loss.

The diet is based on the ketosis concept, which is a metabolic process in which the body burns stored fats in the absence of glucose. Ketones are acids that form as a result of the process.

When following a ketogenic diet, one must limit carbohydrate intake and consume high-fat foods. As a result of the continued restriction, ketone levels in the body grow, and the fatty acids consumed become the primary source of fuel and energy.

ketogenic-diet-plan — Image Source: Femina

Another popular weight-loss technique is the raw diet, which consists of eating raw and unprocessed foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and so on. Juicing, blending, soaking, dehydrating, and a variety of other processes are among the alternatives. On such a diet, supplementation is usually discouraged. Raw food advocates argue that it can help people lose weight, gain energy, and manage chronic illnesses.

When compared to a raw diet, the keto diet can dramatically reduce appetite rather than suppress it, lower insulin levels and insulin resistance, resulting in fewer neurological problems, improved cognition, and increased muscle mass, all of which contribute to a better body composition. Because of the decreased calorie composition of permissible foods, raw diets might be nutritionally imbalanced, which is not desirable.

The ketogenic diet, on the other hand, concentrates on fat burning rather than muscle burning, making it more training-friendly. Due to the necessity for an adaptation phase, both diets may deliver long-term results only when individuals adhere to their criteria to the utmost extent possible.

Sample meal plan for one day

Meal	Menu idea	Ingredients
Breakfast	Egg with bacon	28 g egg (about half an egg)11 g bacon (about half a slice)37 g of 36% heavy whipping cream23 g butter9 g slice of apple (about 5% of one apple)
Morning snack	Peanut butter ball(serving size: 0.5 ounce)	6 g peanut butter9 g butter
Lunch	Tuna salad	28 g tuna fish30 g mayonnaise10 g celery36 g of 36% heavy whipping cream15 g lettuce (one large leaf)
Afternoon snack	Keto yogurt(serving size: 1.3 ounces)	18 g of 36% heavy whipping cream17 g sour cream4 g strawberries (about half of one small strawberry)artificial sweetener
Dinner	Cheeseburger (no bun)	22 g minced (ground) beef10 g American cheese (half a slice of cheese)26 g butter38 g of 36% heavy whipping cream10 g lettuce (one medium leaf)11 g green beans (one spoonful)
Evening snack	Keto custard(serving size: 1.2 ounces)	25 g of 36% heavy whipping cream9 g egg (half a tablespoon)Pure, unsweetened vanilla flavouring

Source: Wikipedia

The traditional ketogenic diet is unbalanced, with only small amounts of fresh fruits and vegetables, fortified cereals, and calcium-rich meals. B vitamins, calcium, and vitamin D, in particular, must be supplemented artificially. This is accomplished by taking two sugar-free pills, one of which is a multivitamin with minerals and the other of which is calcium with vitamin D, both of which are appropriate for the patient’s age.